CIPL White Papers

Corporate Digital Responsibility/Accountability

Leveraging Data Responsibly: Why Boards and the C-Suite Need to Embrace a Holistic Data Strategy
April 3, 2024

Cisco-CIPL Report on Business Benefits of Investing in Data Privacy Management Programs
January 10, 2023

CIPL White Paper - Organizational Accountability in Data Protection Enforcement - How Regulators Consider Accountability in their Enforcement Decisions
October 6, 2021

CIPL White Paper - What Good and Effective Data Privacy Accountability Looks Like: Mapping Organizations’ Practices to the CIPL Accountability Framework
May 27, 2020

CIPL White Paper - Organisational Accountability - Past, Present and Future
October 30, 2019

CIPL Accountability Paper - Q&A on Organisational Accountability in Data Protection
July 3, 2019

CIPL Accountability Discussion Paper 2 - Incentivising Accountability: How Data Protection Authorities and Law Makers Can Encourage Accountability
July 23, 2018

CIPL Accountability Discussion Paper 1 - The Case for Accountability: How it Enables Effective Data Protection and Trust in the Digital Society
July 23, 2018

CIPL Accountability Discussion Paper Intro - Introducing Two New CIPL Papers on The Central Role of Organisational Accountability in Data Protection
July 23, 2018

Regulatory Engagement

CIPL White Paper - Getting the Best Outcomes: Pathways for Data Protection and Privacy Authorities
October 7, 2024

CIPL White Paper - Organizational Accountability in Data Protection Enforcement - How Regulators Consider Accountability in their Enforcement Decisions
October 6, 2021

CIPL Remarks - Looking Beyond COVID-19: Future Impacts on Data Protection and the Role of the Data Protection Authorities
June 2, 2020

Regulatory Sandbox White Paper - Regulatory Sandboxes in Data Protection - Constructive Engagement and Innovative Regulation in Practice
March 8, 2019

Regulating for Results Paper - Regulating for Results: Strategies and Priorities for Leadership and Engagement (English)
September 25, 2017 (Updated on October 10, 2017)

Regulating for Results Paper Abstract - English Version and Spanish Version

Artificial Intelligence

AI Act Article 4: AI Literacy Best Practices and Recommendations for Practitioners
May 12, 2025

Key Takeaways - Inaugural CIPL EU AI Act Forum: Setting the Direction of Implementation
March 26, 2025

Applying Data Protection Principles to Generative AI: Practical Approaches for Organizations and Regulators
December 6, 2024

CIPL AI Third Report - Building Accountable AI Programs: Mapping Emerging Best Practices to the CIPL Accountability Framework
February 21, 2024

Korean Translation

CIPL White Paper - Ten Recommendations for Global AI Regulation (English)
October 4, 2023

CIPL Recommendations on Adopting a Risk-Based Approach to Regulating AI in the EU
March 22, 2021

CIPL/Hunton Andrews Kurth Legal Note - How the GDPR Regulates AI
March 12, 2020

CIPL AI Second Report - Hard Issues and Practical Solutions
February 27, 2020

Portuguese version

CIPL AI First Report - Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection in Tension
October 29, 2018

Digital Economy & Society

CIPL White Paper- Privacy-Enhancing and Privacy-Preserving Technologies in AI: Enabling Data Use and Operationalizing Privacy by Design and Default
March 25, 2025

CIPL White Paper- The Impact of Digital Advertising on Europe's Competitiveness: A Study on the Role of Digital Advertising in Europe
March 20, 2025

CIPL Discussion Paper- The Limitations of Consent as a Legal Basis for Data Processing in the Digital Society
December 6, 2024

CIPL Discussion Paper- Decoding Responsibility in the Era of Automated Decisions: Understanding the Implications of the CJEU's SCHUFA Judgment
October 2, 2024

CIPL White Paper- From Barriers to Bridges: Cloud Computing in Support of Privacy and Security
September 20, 2024

CIPL Discussion Paper- Data Sharing Obligations Under the DMA: Challenges and Opportunities
May 13, 2024

CIPL Report - Enabling Benefits and Safe Uses of Biometric Technology Through Risk-Based Regulations
April 24, 2024

CIPL White Paper - Privacy-Enhancing and Privacy-Preserving Technologies: Understanding the Role of PETs and PPTs in the Digital Age
December 12 , 2023

CIPL White Paper - Data Sharing between Public and Private Sectors
October 10, 2023

Infographic

CIPL White Paper - Limiting Legal Basis for Data Processing Under the DMA: Considerations on Scope and Practical Consequences
May 30, 2023

CIPL Discussion Paper - Digital Assets and Privacy
January 19, 2023

Protecting Children's Data Privacy Policy Paper I: International Issues and Compliance Challenges
October 20, 2022

CIPL 20th Anniversary Essay Compendium - Perspectives on Privacy and Effective Data Use in the Global Digital Economy and Society
July 5, 2022

CIPL & HKU Roundtable Series Report - Data Protection in the Time of the Pandemic
April 22, 2021

CIPL Response to the Ireland Data Protection Commissioner's Draft Guidance on Fundamentals for a Child-Oriented Approach to Data Processing
March 26, 2021

CIPL White Paper on GDPR Implementation in Respect of Children's Data and Consent
March 6, 2018

Cross-Border Data Transfer Mechanisms

The "Zero Risk" Fallacy: International Data Transfers, Foreign Governments' Access to Data and the Need for a Risk-Based Approach
Written by Theodore Christakis
February 20, 2024

International Data Flows - Cross Border Privacy Rules, Privacy Recognition for Processors, and Global CBPR and PRP
July 7, 2023

CIPL-TLS Discussion Paper II: Data Localization and Government Access to Data Stored Abroad
March 29, 2023

CIPL-TLS Discussion Paper I: The Real Life Harms of Data Localization Policies
March 29, 2023

CIPL Study Mapping the APEC CBPR System and EU-US Privacy Shield Requirements to the Provisions of the UK GDPR
September 9, 2022

Local Law Assessments and Online Services - Refining the Approach to Beneficial and Protective Cross-Border Data Flows
A Case Study from British Columbia
June 9, 2022

CIPL Q&A on Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) and Privacy Recognition for Processors (PRP) 2nd Edition
October 8, 2020

CIPL White Paper - A Path Forward for International Data Transfers under the GDPR after the CJEU Schrems II Decision
September 24, 2020

CIPL-DSCI Report on Enabling Accountable Data Transfers from India to the United States under India's Proposed Personal Data Protection Bill
September 8, 2020

CIPL Q&A on Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) and Privacy Recognition for Processors (PRP)
March 19, 2020

Essential Legislative Approaches for Enabling Cross-Border Data Transfers in a Global Economy
September 25, 2017

Cross-Border Data Transfer Mechanisms
August 20, 2015

*This paper is an updated version of the August 2015 Cross-Border Data Transfer Mechanisms paper, which was submitted in response to the Indonesian Ministry of Communications and Information Technologies’ request for public comments concerning its Draft Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data in Electronic Systems.

GDPR Implementation

CIPL Report - The GDPR's First Six Years: Positive Impacts, Remaining Implementation Challenges, and Recommendations for Improvement
May 23, 2024

CIPL Paper - Bridging the DMA and the GDPR - CIPL Comments on the Data Protection Implications of the Draft Digital Markets Act
December 6, 2021

CIPL Paper - Comments on the Draft ePrivacy Regulation for Trilogue Discussion
September 29, 2021

CIPL Discussion Paper - GDPR Enforcement Cooperation and the One-Stop-Shop - Learning from the First Three Years
September 24, 2021

CIPL White Paper - How the "Legitimate Interests" Ground for Processing Enables Responsible Data Use and Innovation
July 1, 2021

Summary of CIPL Recommendations for Regulators and Policymakers

CIPL White Paper - A Path Forward for International Data Transfers under the GDPR after the CJEU Schrems II Decision
September 25, 2020

Data Subject Rights - CIPL White Paper on Data Subject Rights under the GDPR in a Global Data Driven and Connected World
July 8, 2020

Model Clauses for International Transfers under the GDPR - CIPL White Paper on Key Issues Relating to Standard Contractual Clauses for International Transfers and the Way Forward for New Standard Contractual Clauses under the GDPR
August 7, 2019

CIPL GDPR Stocktaking Report - GDPR One Year In - Practitioners Take Stock of the Benefits and Challenges
May 31, 2019

ePrivacy and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights - CIPL Legal Note on the ePrivacy Regulation and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
November 9, 2018

ePrivacy and GDPR Comparative Analysis - Study prepared for CIPL by Brinkhof Advocaten on "EPR vis-à-vis GDPR, A Comparative Analysis of the ePrivacy Regulation and the General Data Protection Regulation"
July 24, 2018

ePrivacy Study - Study prepared for CIPL by Normally on "How Will the ePrivacy Regulation affect the design of digital services and their user experiences?"
May 14, 2018

CIPL Factsheet on ePrivacy and the GDPR - Factsheet on the key issues relating to the relationship between the proposed ePrivacy Regulation (ePR) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
March 20, 2018

Children's Data and Consent - CIPL White Paper on GDPR Implementation in Respect of Children's Data and Consent
March 6, 2018

CIPL Comments on WP29's Profiling and ADM Guidelines
December 1, 2017

ePrivacy Study - Study prepared for CIPL by Professor Niko Härting of HÄRTING Rechtsanwälte PartGmbB on the implications of the proposed ePrivacy Regulation in the EU
October 19, 2017

ePrivacy Paper - Comments on the Proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation
September 11, 2017

Transparency, Consent and Legitimate Interest Paper - Recommendations for Implementing Transparency, Consent and Legitimate Interest under the GDPR
May 19, 2017

GDPR Workshop III Key Takeaways - CIPL Madrid Workshop Key Takeaways
April 27, 2017

GDPR Implementation Challenges Summary Document - GDPR Implementation Challenges: A Summary of CIPL GDPR Project Participants’ Feedback
April 27, 2017

Certifications Paper - Certifications, Seals and Marks under the GDPR and Their Roles as Accountability Tools and Cross-Border Data Transfer Mechanisms
April 12, 2017

Legitimate Interest Paper - CIPL Examples of Legitimate Interest Grounds for Processing of Personal Data
March 16, 2017 (Updated on April 27, 2017)

Risk Paper - Risk, High Risk, Risk Assessments and Data Protection Impact Assessments under the GDPR
December 21, 2016

OSS Paper - The One-Stop-Shop and the Lead DPA as Co-operation Mechanisms in the GDPR
November 30, 2016

DPO Paper - Ensuring the Effectiveness and Strategic Role of the Data Protection Officer under the General Data Protection Regulation
November 17, 2016

Workshop II Report - The Role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) and Risk and High Risk under the GDPR
October 5, 2016

Workshop I Report - Implementing and Interpreting the GDPR: Challenges and Opportunities
May 6, 2016

US Privacy Framework

CIPL Discussion Paper - Age Assurance & Age Verification Laws in the United States
September 24, 2024

CIPL White Paper - Data Minimization in the United States' Emerging Privacy Landscape: Comparative Analysis and Exploration of Potential Effects
August 16, 2024

CIPL Policy Note - Suggested Enhancements to "Commission-Approved Compliance Guidelines" in the American Privacy Rights Act
June 11, 2024

CIPL White Paper - Automated Decisionmaking and Profiling (ADM) Requirements in U.S. State Privacy Laws, and Current State of Play in State AI Regulations
May 15, 2024

CIPL White Paper - CIPL Comparison of US State Privacy Laws Data Protection Assessments
February 8, 2024

CIPL Concept Paper - Why We Need Interstate Privacy Rules for the US
September 25, 2020

CIPL White Paper - Data Protection in the New Decade: Lessons from COVID-19 for a US Privacy Framework
August 24, 2020

CIPL White Paper - What Does the USMCA Mean for a US Federal Privacy Law?
January 17, 2020

CIPL White Paper - Organizational Accountability in Light of FTC Consent Orders
November 13, 2019

CIPL White Paper - Organizational Accountability - Existence in US Regulatory Compliance and its Relevance for a US Federal Privacy Law
July 3, 2019

CIPL White Paper - Ten Principles for a Revised US Privacy Framework
March 21, 2019

CIPL White Paper - Learning from the GDPR: What Elements Should the US Adopt?
January 25, 2019

Effective Implementation & Regulation under New Brazilian Data Protection Law (LGPD)

CIPL/CEDIS-IDP White Paper - The Role of the Data Protection Officer under the LGPD (English version)(Portuguese version)
September 27, 2021

CIPL/CEDIS-IDP White Paper - Top Priorities for Public and Private Organizations to Effectively Implement the New Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) (English version)(Portuguese version)
September 1, 2020

CIPL/CEDIS-IDP White Paper - The Role of the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) under Brazil’s New Data Protection Law (LGPD) (English version) (Portuguese version)
April 16, 2020